GLOBALIZATION
economic dimension 1.-Dimension
unequal economic actors.
2 .- Prevalence of developed countries (G-8) and their transnational corporations.
3 .- Imposition of a single model for access to globalization and development, through market liberalization. 4 .- Hegemony
financially on the real economy. 5 .-
accelerated concentration of wealth.
6 .- Increasing inequalities between countries and between layers social. 7 .-
social and occupational impairment, loss of jobs and social security.
8 .- Exclusion of large proportions of the population. Brief history
1 .- Phase globalizing: 1870-1913
High mobility of capital and labor.
stage is the great concentration of capital since the mid-nineteenth century,
are accumulating capital from the commercial that continues in the industrial revolution and end in transoceanic investment (Suez and Panama).
2 .- Phase Globalizadora.1944-1973. Great
development of financial cooperation between countries, with limited flow little capital and labor.
the third technological revolution creates conditions for accelerating global connectivity (transport, communication and information), thereby increasing the productivity, production volumes, diversity of these and world trade.
cultural dimension
The value dimension of globalization leaves from the liberal internationalism that originates in the declaration of the rights of citizens in the French and American revolution in the eighteenth century, culminating with the declaration of human rights United Nations.
The International Covenant on economic and social rights and cultural, originate in social struggles of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
Those statements by political and social rights have been a number of international organizations, from the nineteenth century: the International Social Democratic, Socialist International, then come the Interncional feminist, environmental movements, the ethnic and civil movements.
cultural minority groups are also encouraging respect and pluralism demands.
But the asymmetrical relations and the concentration of cultural power tend to crush the resistance to the imposition of a homogeneous model of culture and values, which are identified with a real "market society" where the culture and interests tend to be measured only from the utilitarian and market perspective.
The struggle remains ambivalent in this globalization, organized and minorities among emerging powers.
Political rights have defined a term of colonialism and the liberation of large areas after the Second War. (Proceedings of National Liberation).
After the collapse of the "Eastern Block", is beyond the threat to formal democracies and extends the exercise of democracy throughout the world.
breakthroughs were thought by the "bond of democracy" and "dividend peace "meant leaving behind the Cold War and the socialist regimes.
accelerated transformations of globalization, requires management systems and regulation of extensive and deep process of "creative destruction" that is experienced in all societies.
inhibition States, has left him unable to organize and regulate the structural changes.
In less developed countries, the inability of the state has resulted in an empire of real power and the increasing exclusion and degradation of the majority.
The poor performance of democratic institutions impact in a loss of credibility and relevance of democracy itself.
the absence of an intermediary between society and state decisions, they are assumed by powers that multiply their influence and arbitrariness.
A new political intermediary must grow if it wants to avoid a social and political breakdown. Social dimension
GLOBAL ORDER ASYMMETRIC.
Causes:
A) The concentration of capital.
B) Generation of technology in developed countries.
C) Prevalence of international trade with more developed countries. Define
increased asymmetry in the distribution internacional del ingreso del ingreso.
El deterioro en los ingresos de las personas en los diferentes países se debe a: un incremento en las a) desigualdades salariales y b) erosión de las instituciones de protección laboral, c) también al progreso técnico, que favorece a la mano de obra mejor calificada, y d) a la liberalización del comercio.
Trampas de desigualdad
La elevada desigualdad en la distribución del ingreso es un factor importante, no sólo por los problemas éticos y políticos que plantea, sino también por su repercusión en el CRECIMIENTO ECONÓMICO.(“Trampas de Desigualdad”)
Podrían estas desigualdades explain the process of increasing the "truncated convergence", the stagnation in median income levels and the emergence of "differences" in levels of development. The great dilemma
The classic debate was between:
A) Encourage the domestic market, consumption and equity.
B) To encourage capital accumulation. What
policy further increases investment?
Is the concentration of income hinders the development of a domestic market?
today tend to incorporate the analysis from the perspective of political economy
A) Social cohesion and investment risk.
B) Pressures distributive and predictable fiscal policy.
C) Distribution of productive capital and optimal utilization of human capital.
D) Development of SMEs and access to capital markets more competitive local market performance. Conclusion
The relative isolation of the developing countries in the second phase of globalization was consistent with an acceleration in the pace of economic growth across the developing world for the first time in history, as well as reducing some international indicators of inequality between regions and between countries.
By contrast, the most recent phase of globalization has a tendency the emphasis on the international and national inequality, although the first of these is less marked than that recorded by the global economy in the nineteenth century and the first half of S.XX. Now is tempered only by the economic success of China and India.
SOURCE: University of Chile
Department of Undergraduate General Education Course "Globalization. Theory and Practice of globalization "
www.platafroma.uchile.cl
