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The American novel: the lost generation

Gertrude Stein by Picasso

is known of Lost Generation of American writers group - Francis Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway, John Dos Passos, John Steinbeck, and, although not with all the features that characterize this group, also William Faulkner - who forged his career after World War I and his work reflected the climate of uncertainty and pessimism after the war and the Depression. Frustrated by his country's cultural vacuum, most of them eventually traveled to Europe and settled in Paris where he lived intensely the twenties, the era of jazz and art scene. In this city there were two meeting places: the bookstore Shakespeare and Company and the home of Gertrude Stein (where they could be next to these American writers, Picasso, André Gide, Paul Valery ...) The Lost Generation name will was given by Stein, who acted as patron and friend of most members.

This generation occurs during the so-called "Time angry" or excess, a time, no doubt, difficult economically for the United States (Bankruptcy of banks, the emergence of criminal groups that engaged in alcohol traffic because of Prohibition, puritanism, pockets of poverty ...) Refugees in Europe by the frustration with the cultural landscape of his country, he gave some to life dissipated, other political radicalism, others to the adventure, but all agreed in their critical view of the war and the affluent American society.

moral crisis experienced these authors is related to the literary crisis, which led them to seek new forms of expression.

Francis Scott Fitzgerald (1896-1940) was a successful writer and was able to enjoy a wealthy life, he describes critically in his novels. Fond of elegant parties, luxury hotels and drink, ended up bankrupt, despised by the public and sunk into alcoholism. Author concise style and splendid language, portrayed the moral climate of his time on this side of paradise and in his masterpiece, The Great Gatsby, a novel in which he used the experience to portray his generation marked by the lack of moral values \u200b\u200band social dazzled by the success and money.

The works of Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961) has as its main theme the search for new values \u200b\u200bof love, adventure, action, danger and other direct emotions. His style is concise, direct and somewhat neglected, but is expressive force and has been widely imitated by later authors. Also a novelist, wrote newspaper articles and great stories. In 1954 he won the Nobel Prize.

In the novels of Hemingway displayed his obsessions and his restless life: A Farewell to Arms recreates his way through World War Fiesta takes place in Paris., His stay in Spain and its attraction the country and its customs are reflected in Death in the Afternoon , the subject of bullfighting, and For Whom the Bell Tolls, on the English Civil War (song to the spirit of sacrifice and solidarity). His love of hunting is reflected in The Snows of Kilimanjaro . He is also author of The Old Man and the Sea , history of fishing in Cuba.

John Dos Passos (1896-1970) was the most politically engaged (spoke out against the death penalty and in favor of some anarchists, the miners, workers ...) and the most innovative narrative techniques. His most important avant-garde novel Manhattan Transfer , recreating New York City across multiple people, which results in a novel collective protagonist. This novel technique has been widely used in later novels. Dos Passos is also the author of the trilogy USA, where he makes a critical and pessimistic portrait of his country.

John Steinbeck (1902-1968), author of several novels, denounces the injustices suffered by the poorest sectors of the country, mostly farm workers, who were greatly affected by the economic depression of the thirties. His works portray the everyday and paint simple and naive types in struggle against selfishness and corruption. His most famous novel is The Grapes of Wrath, simply and crudely narrates the pilgrimage across the paísde rural setting and are located in major growing areas of central and south. They are also famous Pearl, on a humble fisherman, and East of Eden, reflecting rural drama of two families through the ideology and values \u200b\u200bof society at the time. He received the Nobel Prize in 1962.

William Faulkner (1897-1962) is the culmination of American modernism. His novels, hard to read, are set in the imaginary Yoknapatawpha region, symbolizing the American South, and collect social transformation of this area of \u200b\u200bthe country.

Faulkner uses a rich and complex language, as well as all kinds of modern techniques. Already his early novels, The Sound and the Fury and As I Lay Dying, alternating interior monologues of various characters.

Other books reflect the misery and brutality of humans with temporal leaps, multiple viewpoints, gaps in the story, etc. Sanctuary tells the brutal kidnapping of a young, Light in August focuses on racism, while Absalom, Absalom! examines the southern past. Faulkner received the Nobel Prize in 1949.