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The Vanguards

vanguards.

Vanguards They are called aesthetic movement in the first third of a century - blunt immediately before the First World War, reaching its peak during the decade of 20, fell into crisis after 1929 and disappear in the decade of the 30 -, attempted open new paths to art and literature, regardless of tradition.

The term "vanguard" of the French avant-garde (in the military, front line) and reports on their attitude to risk, exploration and innovation. These movements are happening in Europe at a dizzying pace. Not form a coherent and closed, they are very diverse and sometimes contradictory (one arises frequently e nfrentamiento with the former). Their common feature is specified in the will to develop a new art and its hostility to tradition, even the most immediate, and the denial of any value to the artistic past. The avant-garde are provocative: the general public and despise the bourgeoisie, seeking to shock with insolent and aggressive attitudes. Say that beauty can be seen through the reality and emotions, but of intelligence, so they move away from nature and human. Usually be made available through "manifest" in attacking the official art and exhibit their new aesthetic, which should be part of a deeper change in social and moral.

In literature, the most important avant-garde movements are Expressionism, Futurism, Cubism, Dadaism and Surrealism, to these should be added in the Hispanic, Creationism and Ultraism. are called "isms , movements that radical innovations proposed content, language and attitude towards life.

The general features for all can be summarized avant

this:

1) Denial of the past and break with the above. This rejection is particularly in the future, Cubism and Expressionism. It involves a desire to create something new out of nothing (this is the basis of creationism), and is summarized in the famous phrase of Gomez de la Serna: " The duty of the new is the primary duty of every creative artist "(" Preface "to Isms). 2) Cult of the image, since the least in those i

nStant will be the topic, unimportant in many cases, and what matters, above other things, "that the poem should stand on its lyrical elements" (G. de Torre)

. 3) Character "anti-realist", the "new art" was based on a different vision of reality. The rebellion against why even aspired to join change reality and life and art, as in the words of Octavio Paz, the avant-garde were not just aesthetic but also "an erotic, policy, vision the world, an action: a way of life "(The children of the limo).

4) internationalism that reflects not so much the existence of sources of radiation outside Paris or the presence of people from very diverse backgrounds in them, but a cosmopolitan heartbeat was looking for, in most cases, breaking local areas.

5) Existence of a group consciousness within the different movements, manifested in a common artistic sensibility, the tendency to institutionalize the principles manifest-in the existence of common speech organs (magazines, exhibitions, meetings, activities

ties, etc.)

6) Relationship dependency between different arts: painting invades the lyric, the music is moved to verse, the letter arrives at the pictures, thinking determines the plastic, etc. It was therefore a gradual blurring of boundaries between disciplines and between genres, i

mponiéndose a new look to overcome, since the same principles are valid for poetry, painting or music.

futuri sm

was born in Italy with the poet Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, in Russia, a prominent author is Vladimir Mayakovsky. As its name suggests, this movement argues that art due to the future (so radically rejects the tradition, the past and the symbols of art history.) By contrast, praises contemporary life, based on its two dominant themes: the machine and motion. In literature, language proposed to free the bonds to achieve a dynamic style (deny adjectives, punctuation removed, broken syntax), experience with layout and change the objects consecrated by tradition as an expression of beauty for the new law based modern life: the machinery, automobile, aircraft, factories, electricity, sports, urban crowds .. A race car is more beautiful than the Victory of Samothrace. (Marinetti) His influence is evident in the works of Marcel Duchamp and Robert Delaunay.

Cubism

In reality is a movement born in 1907 painting Les Demoiselles d'Avignon by Picasso, but it is generally accepted that Guillaume Apollinaire moved its technical literature: fragmentation of reality to creatively redesigning, overlapping planes, attention to visual aspects, etc.. An extreme case of overlap between painting and literature what are the concrete poetry of Apollinaire in which the letters form a picture text alluding to its content. In painting include, in addition to Picasso, Georges Braque, Juan Gris, Marie Blanchard, Fernand Leger ..

Dada was born in Switzerland with Tristan Tzara, who later transplanted París.Fue a cry of rebellion-torn Europe between the wars. He denied everything ( logic, the usefulness of art and culture, language and communication skills to their own doctrines), without proposing any alternative to the chaos and absurdity. Its greatest merit lies in having paved the way to Surrealism, which was born of "the ashes of Dada" (the name, baby talk, was chosen to open a dictionary at random) The Dadaist poem used to be a succession of words and are gone, making it difficult to find logic. Distinguished by a penchant for the absurd and uncertain. For its part, the procedure sought to renew the term Dada through the use of unusual materials, or operating plans thoughts mixable not before, with a general tone of defiance and destruction.

Expressionism

Expressionism appears linked to the political situation in Germany before and after the First World War

and in this country and in the central and northern which becomes more effective. Expressionist aesthetics rejects that art is a mere external representation of reality but which is to reveal the inner truth, for which the deformation stress to those areas that best express the physical or psychological characteristics as described. It stands sometimes ugliness, the catastrophic, absurd situations, in the arguments, it felt a critical view of society and the horror and suffering caused by war. With this move we have to relate the figure of Franz Kafka and his influence is evident in the German playwright Brecht Bertld. Expressionism also influenced the cinema in such films as The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (Robert Wiener, 1919) and Nosferatu, the Vampire (Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau, 1921)

Ultraism or Creationism

What began in Paris on Chilean Vicente Huidobro and was one of the most widely projected movements in the English speaking world. According to him, the poet must not reproduce reality but create random - how nature creates trees, by removing any real respect and a formal release, contributed to the use of free verse, the banishment of the story and the development of metaphor, which became the main center expressive . Combined technical and stylistic resources of Cubism with the futuristic theme

(The Argentine Jorge Luis Borges in his youth was attached to this motion)

( A Catherine wheel is a wheel full of rockets. The poem is "reversible", you can start reading for any "line-cross" because there is no interlocking logic or syntax.